Explanation of the Saudi Arabia Diplomatic Review Act of 2019
Simple Explanation of the Saudi Arabia Diplomatic Review Act of 2019 (S.2066)
This bill directs the U.S. government to take a careful, detailed look at its relationship with Saudi Arabia, focusing on diplomacy, human rights, military cooperation, and regional security—all to better protect U.S. interests and promote peace.
What the Bill Aims to Do
- Review and Assess: Conduct a broad review of U.S.-Saudi Arabia relations since 2017, especially following the rise of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.
- Human Rights Focus: Support human rights in Saudi Arabia, especially protecting activists and stopping abuses.
- Monitor Saudi Activities in the U.S.: Look into how Saudi officials operate within the U.S., including preventing diplomatic abuses.
- Promote Peace in Yemen: Encourage ending the devastating war in Yemen and protect civilians affected by it.
- Sanctions and Accountability: Impose sanctions on individuals or groups harming peace, blocking humanitarian aid, or violating rights.
Key Points in Simple Terms
1. Overview of U.S.-Saudi Relations
Saudi Arabia has been an important U.S. partner in the Middle East, especially in fighting extremist groups and maintaining regional stability. However, since Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman gained power, his actions—like military intervention in Yemen and human rights abuses—have raised concerns.
2. Comprehensive Review of the Relationship
The bill requires the Secretary of State and other agencies to report back within about 9 months about:
- Saudi foreign policy goals and how they match (or clash) with U.S. interests.
- Human rights records in Saudi Arabia, including treatment of journalists, activists, and political detainees.
- Saudi Arabia's relationships with other global powers like Russia and China.
- Military cooperation with the U.S. and how Saudi forces use U.S. supplied equipment.
- Saudi influence on global oil markets.
- Funding of religious educational institutions that might promote extremist views.
3. Human Rights Concerns
Since 2018, Saudi Arabia has arrested many women's rights activists, some reportedly tortured. The bill supports denying visas to senior Saudi officials linked to these abuses unless there is clear progress on human rights.
4. Preventing Diplomatic Abuse
Saudi diplomats have sometimes helped Saudi nationals avoid U.S. legal processes. The bill requires a report on this and authorizes actions such as:
- Shutting down certain Saudi diplomatic facilities in the U.S. used improperly.
- Suspending flights by Saudi airlines if abuses continue.
- Sanctioning individual officials who abuse diplomatic protections.
5. Addressing the Yemen War
The bill strongly supports ending the war in Yemen through diplomatic means, aligned with United Nations resolutions. The war is a huge humanitarian crisis, worsened by various parties, including Saudi-led forces, Houthis backed by Iran, and extremists like al Qaeda.
- Calls for regular U.S. briefings on efforts to end the war.
- Condemns Iranian actions that fuel the conflict and supports sanctions to pressure Iran.
- Calls out all parties for violations of international law and civilian harm, recommending accountability.
- Supports sanctions against those blocking humanitarian aid or worsening the conflict.
- Supports protecting cultural heritage in Yemen.
- Allows U.S. cooperation with Saudi Arabia and UAE on defense against drone attacks coming from Yemen.
6. Other Important Measures
- Technical assistance to improve Yemen's Central Bank and help stabilize the economy.
- Extends oversight and reporting requirements regarding U.S. military support even if air refueling assistance stops.
- Clarifies that this bill does not limit the President’s current powers or authorize new military force.
- The bill will expire 5 years after becoming law.
Why It Matters
This legislation is a response to growing concerns about Saudi Arabia’s policies and actions, especially under Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. It aims to make sure the U.S. government thoroughly evaluates whether this partnership serves American interests and values, encourages improvements in human rights, and seeks peaceful solutions to conflicts in the Middle East—most notably in Yemen, where millions are suffering.
By requiring transparency, accountability, and targeted actions (like visa restrictions and sanctions), this bill pushes for a more balanced and responsible U.S. approach to Saudi Arabia.